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Reading Islam » Understanding Islam » Islam in the World » Human Rights

Last Update:   Thu. Aug. 14, 2003

In Times of War

Rights of Enemies

By Reading Islam Team
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Prior to the revelation of the Qur’an fourteen hundred years ago, there was no concept of civilized behavior neither in war nor of the rights of enemies. Yet Islam decreed humane rules of war, many centuries before such ideas were put into conventions and agreements in the West.

First, Islam draws a clear distinction between combatants and non-combatants. Non-combatants such as women, children, the old and infirm are not to be killed. Also, monks in monasteries and people in places of worship are to be spared.

These are the rights that Islam confers on combatants:

  • No one should be burned alive or tortured with fire.
  • Wounded soldiers who are neither unfit to fight, nor actually fighting, should not be attacked.
  • Prisoners of war should not be killed.
  • It is prohibited to kill anyone who is tied up or in captivity.
  • Residential areas should not be pillaged, plundered or destroyed, nor should the Muslims touch the property of anyone except those who are fighting against them.
  • Muslims must not take anything from the general public of the conquered country without paying for it.
  • The corpses of the enemy must not be disgraced or mutilated.
  • Corpses of the enemy should be returned.
  • Treaties must not be broken.
  • Muslims are prohibited from opening hostilities without properly declaring war against the enemy, unless the adversary has already started aggression against them.
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